The contribution of nuclear and other low carbon electricity generation technologies towards Nigeria’s carbon neutrality journey

The latest estimate of the United State Energy Information Administration (US-EIA) shows that Nigeria is the largest producer of oil in Africa with largest natural gas reserves on the continent and the fifth–largest exporter of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in the World. In 2017, Nigeria's generation capacity was 12,664 megawatts (MW), with 10,522 MW representing 83% from fossil fuels, 2,110 MW representing 17% from hydropower, and 32 MW accounting for 1% coming from solar, wind, biomass, and other sources. The fossil power plants constitutes the major driver in greenhouse gas emission, therefore reduction in its operation will reduce the rate of carbon emission. To achieve carbon neutrality in line with the Paris agreement of 2015, the need for nuclear and other low carbon emission renewable electricity generation technologies is vital. This study utilizes the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Model for Energy Supply Strategy Alternatives and their General Environmental Impact (MESSAGE) code in modelling energy supply needs for Nigeria using various electricity generation technologies. By placing the upper limit on carbon emission constraints, discount rate of 11.5% and other electricity generation data obtained from EIA. Using the modelling period of forty-five (45) years with a base year of 2015 the results shows that the contribution of fossil is bound below the upper limit while that of hydro continue to increase from 2016 to the end of the modelling year. Contribution from nuclear power plant starts from 2029, and continue to increase throughout the modeling period which suppressing contribution from fossil below the upper limit of CO2, The negligible contribution from solar and wind been suppressed by nuclear and hydro power plants. The results shows that nuclear and other low carbon energy technologies are the preeminent alternative for future electricity production in achieving carbon neutrality target

Power Line Communications: A Platform for Sustainable Development

–E Abstract lectricity infrastructure together with information and communication technology (ICT) constitute a veritable platform for driving inclusive and sustainable development. However, last mile internet access in underdeveloped areas is limited by deficit telecommunications infrastructure. This is mainly due to the cost associated with deploying telecommunication distribution networks and the low returns on investments associated with underdeveloped areas. The availability of electric power grids which can be used as telecommunication distribution networks, makes the idea of using power line communication and wireless networks a realistic means of providing communications service to underdeveloped areas.On the other hand, electricity utilities needs an efficient and cost effective means of operating and managing the electric grid. This paper reviews different power line communications technologies that can used to achieve a smart grid model that provides a sustainable electricity and ICT infrastructure for development in Africa

The IVS data input to ITRF2014

2015ivs..data....1N - GFZ Data Services, Helmoltz Centre, Potsdam, GermanyVery Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) is a primary space-geodetic technique for determining precise coordinates on the Earth, for monitoring the variable Earth rotation and orientation with highest precision, and for deriving many other parameters of the Earth system. The International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS, http://ivscc.gsfc.nasa.gov/) is a service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) and the International Astronomical Union (IAU). The datasets published here are the results of individual Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) sessions in the form of normal equations in SINEX 2.0 format (http://www.iers.org/IERS/EN/Organization/AnalysisCoordinator/SinexFormat/sinex.html, the SINEX 2.0 description is attached as pdf) provided by IVS as the input for the next release of the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRF): ITRF2014. This is a new version of the ITRF2008 release (Bockmann et al., 2009). For each session/ file, the normal equation systems contain elements for the coordinate components of all stations having participated in the respective session as well as for the Earth orientation parameters (x-pole, y-pole, UT1 and its time derivatives plus offset to the IAU2006 precession-nutation components dX, dY (https://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2006_Resol1.pdf). The terrestrial part is free of datum. The data sets are the result of a weighted combination of the input of several IVS Analysis Centers. The IVS contribution for ITRF2014 is described in Bachmann et al (2015), Schuh and Behrend (2012) provide a general overview on the VLBI method, details on the internal data handling can be found at Behrend (2013)